Arbejdsopgaver
Test
Aktuel forskning
The research activity has been devoted to a broad range of toxicological areas, including forensic toxicology, neurotoxicology and intoxications reported to the poison information centre at the National University Hospital, Copenhagen. However, the main research activity has been made on the testing of irritation effects of chemicals on the upper airways (sensory irritation). This has resulted in the elucidation of several toxicological mechanisms, which are the basis for established Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs). These QSARs allow reasonable estimates of the sensory irritation effect of non-reactive gasses and vapours from their physicochemical properties. Additionally, testmethods have been developed, which allow testing of materials and pollutants for sensory irritation effects. In addition to sensory irritation, the methods have been extended to include the study of other respiratory tract effects as airflow limitation and pulmonary irritation. In the recent years, a major effort has also been concentrated on immunotoxicology, especially the study of immune enhancing (adjuvant effect) of chemicals and the role of adjuvant effects in the development of allergic airway diseases.
Administrative toxicology has been an integrated part of the activities. They include evaluation of toxicological effects of cosmetics and their ingredients, European Community (now Union) labelling of chemicals, evaluation of toxicological advantages in connection with the establishment of a Danish product register, and ad hoc evaluations of exposure effects for the National Working Environment Authority, Denmark. A major total effort has been devoted to the establishment of a system for toxicological evaluation of exposures from non-industrial indoor air and thus in the establishment of principles of setting Indoor Air Guidelines.
Educational activities at undergraduate, postgraduate and international levels have been a part of the duties that have resulted in numerous presentations, lectures and other teaching activities.
Forskningsinteresser
Luftvejsirritation og allergi
Udvalgte publikationer
- Nielsen, G.D., S.T. Larsen, K.S. Hougaard, M. Hammer, P. Wolkoff, P.A. Clausen, C.K. Wilkins & Y. Alarie. Mechanisms of acute inhalation effects of (+) and (-)-a-pinene in BALB/c mice. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., in press.
- Larsen, S.T., J.S. Hansen, M. Hammer, Y. Alarie & G.D. Nielsen. Effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on the respiratory tract in BALB/c mice. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2004; 23:537-545.
- Larsen, S.T., R. Hansen, O.M. Poulsen & G.D. Nielsen. Adjuvant effect of benzalkonium chloride on the allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody formation in BALB/cJ mice. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2004; 95: 94-96.
- Larsen S.T., R. Hansen, M. Hammer, U. Tegner, O.M. Poulsen & G.D. Nielsen. Adjuvant effect of quaternary ammonium compounds in a murine model. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 151, 389-398.
- Wilkins C.K., P. Wolkoff, P.A. Clausen, M. Hammer & G.D. Nielsen. Upper airway irritation of terpene/ozone oxidation products (TOPS). Dependence on reaction time, relative humidity and initial ozone concentration. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 143, 109-114.
- Mossing, R.M. & G.D. Nielsen. De samfundsøkonomiske omkostninger til astma I Danmark I år 2000. Ugeskr. Laeg. 2003, 165, 2646-2649.
- Larsen, S.T., R.M. Lund, P. Thygesen, O.M. Poulsen & G.D. Nielsen. Investigation of the adjuvant and immuno-suppressive affects of benzyl butyl phthalate, phthalic acid and benzyl alcohol in a murine injection model. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2003, 41, 439-446.
- Clausen, S.K., M. Bergqvist, L.K. Poulsen, O.M. Poulsen & G.D. Nielsen. Development of sensitisation or tolerance following repeated OVA inhalation in BALB/cJ mice. Dose-dependency and modulation by Al(OH)3 adjuvant. Toxicology 2003, 184, 51-68.
Medlemskab og netværk
Professional societies:
- Danish Pharmaceutical Society
- Danish Society for Pharmacology and Toxicology
International committees (adviser):
| 1976-1978: |
"Cosmetic products and their ingredients". Council of Europe, Strasbourg |
| 1977-1978: |
A Danish representative in the European Community working group on labelling of chemicals. |
| 1986: |
“Advances - effects of environmental odor and irritation – research needs. WHO symposium d. 28-30 maj 1986, Stokholm. |
| 1992: |
"International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 127. Acrolein". World Health Organisation, Geneva 1992. |
| 1996: |
"Criteria for classification of skin- and airway-sensitizing substances in the work and general environments". Report on a WHO Working Group,Copenhagen, Denmark 17-20 January 1996. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 1996. |
| 2001: |
International Consensus Conference on Isocyanates – Risk Assessment and Management. 2001.11.20 – 22, Hotel Norge Hoesbjoer, Norway. Funded by Nordic Council of Ministers and organized by the Norwegian Labour Inspection. |
| 2002-: |
Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits. European Commission. Employment and Social Affairs DG. Health, safety and Hygiene at work. |
Editorial board:
- Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health (1981-94)
Æresbevisninger og priser
Awards
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: The Best Speaker Award from the "International Symposium on
Occupational Exposure Limits", Copenhagen 1985. “Nielsen, G.D. & J.C. Bakbo: Exposure limits for irritants. Ann. Am. Conf. Ind. Hyg.
1985, 12, 119-133”. International Academy of Indoor Air Sciences. Best paper award – Indoor Air journal 1996 – 1998. “Wolkoff, P., P.A. Clausen, B. Jensen,
G.D. Nielsen & C.K. Wilkins: Are we measuring the relevant indoor pollutants? Indoor Air 1997, 7, 92-106.”
Ansættelser
| 2004 - |
Assigned professor in occupational toxicology, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Science. |
1990 - |
Senior researcher, The Danish National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Biology and Toxicology, Copenhagen. Toxicological studies and evaluations. |
1981 - 1990: |
Scientific assistant, The Danish National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen. Toxicological studies and exposure evaluations. |
1978 - 1980: |
Scientific assistant, The Danish National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen. Participated in the group, which prepared the report that was the scientific basis for establishing the Danish Product Register. |
1976 - 1978: |
Consultant to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency in toxicity of cosmetics and in labelling of chemicals |
1976 - 1978: |
Scientific assistant, Occupational Medicine Clinic and Poison Information Centre, National University Hospital, Copenhagen |
1972 - 1975: |
Graduate student, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Copenhagen |
1971 - 1972: |
Teacher at The Institute for Medical Laboratory Technologist, Copenhagen |
1971 - 1972: |
Instructor in Statistics, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Copenhagen |
1970 - 1971: |
Scientific assistant, University Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Chemistry, Copenhagen |
Uddannelse
1991 |
Dr. Pharm. |
The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy |
1978 |
Ph.D. |
The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy |
1970 |
M. Pharm; |
The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy |
